"""
 * Copyright (c) 2022, salesforce.com, inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 * For full license text, see LICENSE.txt file in the repo root or https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
 * By Junnan Li
"""
from .med import BertConfig, BertModel
from transformers import BertTokenizer

import torch
from torch import nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

from .blip import create_vit, init_tokenizer, load_checkpoint


class BLIP_Retrieval(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        med_config="configs/med_config.json",
        image_size=384,
        vit="base",
        vit_grad_ckpt=False,
        vit_ckpt_layer=0,
        embed_dim=256,
        queue_size=57600,
        momentum=0.995,
        negative_all_rank=False,
    ):
        """
        Args:
            med_config (str): path for the mixture of encoder-decoder model's configuration file
            image_size (int): input image size
            vit (str): model size of vision transformer
        """
        super().__init__()

        self.visual_encoder, vision_width = create_vit(
            vit, image_size, vit_grad_ckpt, vit_ckpt_layer
        )
        self.tokenizer = init_tokenizer()
        med_config = BertConfig.from_json_file(med_config)
        med_config.encoder_width = vision_width
        self.text_encoder = BertModel(config=med_config, add_pooling_layer=False)

        text_width = self.text_encoder.config.hidden_size

        self.vision_proj = nn.Linear(vision_width, embed_dim)
        self.text_proj = nn.Linear(text_width, embed_dim)

        self.itm_head = nn.Linear(text_width, 2)

        # create momentum encoders
        self.visual_encoder_m, vision_width = create_vit(vit, image_size)
        self.vision_proj_m = nn.Linear(vision_width, embed_dim)
        self.text_encoder_m = BertModel(config=med_config, add_pooling_layer=False)
        self.text_proj_m = nn.Linear(text_width, embed_dim)

        self.model_pairs = [
            [self.visual_encoder, self.visual_encoder_m],
            [self.vision_proj, self.vision_proj_m],
            [self.text_encoder, self.text_encoder_m],
            [self.text_proj, self.text_proj_m],
        ]
        self.copy_params()

        # create the queue
        self.register_buffer("image_queue", torch.randn(embed_dim, queue_size))
        self.register_buffer("text_queue", torch.randn(embed_dim, queue_size))
        self.register_buffer("idx_queue", torch.full((1, queue_size), -100))
        self.register_buffer("ptr_queue", torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.long))

        self.image_queue = nn.functional.normalize(self.image_queue, dim=0)
        self.text_queue = nn.functional.normalize(self.text_queue, dim=0)

        self.queue_size = queue_size
        self.momentum = momentum
        self.temp = nn.Parameter(0.07 * torch.ones([]))

        self.negative_all_rank = negative_all_rank

    def forward(self, image, caption, alpha, idx):
        with torch.no_grad():
            self.temp.clamp_(0.001, 0.5)

        image_embeds = self.visual_encoder(image)
        image_atts = torch.ones(image_embeds.size()[:-1], dtype=torch.long).to(
            image.device
        )
        image_feat = F.normalize(self.vision_proj(image_embeds[:, 0, :]), dim=-1)

        text = self.tokenizer(
            caption,
            padding="max_length",
            truncation=True,
            max_length=35,
            return_tensors="pt",
        ).to(image.device)

        text_output = self.text_encoder(
            text.input_ids,
            attention_mask=text.attention_mask,
            return_dict=True,
            mode="text",
        )
        text_feat = F.normalize(
            self.text_proj(text_output.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]), dim=-1
        )

        ###============== Image-text Contrastive Learning ===================###
        idx = idx.view(-1, 1)
        idx_all = torch.cat([idx.t(), self.idx_queue.clone().detach()], dim=1)
        pos_idx = torch.eq(idx, idx_all).float()
        sim_targets = pos_idx / pos_idx.sum(1, keepdim=True)

        # get momentum features
        with torch.no_grad():
            self._momentum_update()
            image_embeds_m = self.visual_encoder_m(image)
            image_feat_m = F.normalize(
                self.vision_proj_m(image_embeds_m[:, 0, :]), dim=-1
            )
            image_feat_m_all = torch.cat(
                [image_feat_m.t(), self.image_queue.clone().detach()], dim=1
            )

            text_output_m = self.text_encoder_m(
                text.input_ids,
                attention_mask=text.attention_mask,
                return_dict=True,
                mode="text",
            )
            text_feat_m = F.normalize(
                self.text_proj_m(text_output_m.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]), dim=-1
            )
            text_feat_m_all = torch.cat(
                [text_feat_m.t(), self.text_queue.clone().detach()], dim=1
            )

            sim_i2t_m = image_feat_m @ text_feat_m_all / self.temp
            sim_t2i_m = text_feat_m @ image_feat_m_all / self.temp

            sim_i2t_targets = (
                alpha * F.softmax(sim_i2t_m, dim=1) + (1 - alpha) * sim_targets
            )
            sim_t2i_targets = (
                alpha * F.softmax(sim_t2i_m, dim=1) + (1 - alpha) * sim_targets
            )

        sim_i2t = image_feat @ text_feat_m_all / self.temp
        sim_t2i = text_feat @ image_feat_m_all / self.temp

        loss_i2t = -torch.sum(
            F.log_softmax(sim_i2t, dim=1) * sim_i2t_targets, dim=1
        ).mean()
        loss_t2i = -torch.sum(
            F.log_softmax(sim_t2i, dim=1) * sim_t2i_targets, dim=1
        ).mean()

        loss_ita = (loss_i2t + loss_t2i) / 2

        idxs = concat_all_gather(idx)
        self._dequeue_and_enqueue(image_feat_m, text_feat_m, idxs)

        ###============== Image-text Matching ===================###
        encoder_input_ids = text.input_ids.clone()
        encoder_input_ids[:, 0] = self.tokenizer.enc_token_id

        # forward the positve image-text pair
        bs = image.size(0)
        output_pos = self.text_encoder(
            encoder_input_ids,
            attention_mask=text.attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=image_embeds,
            encoder_attention_mask=image_atts,
            return_dict=True,
        )

        if self.negative_all_rank:
            # compute sample similarity
            with torch.no_grad():
                mask = torch.eq(idx, idxs.t())

                image_feat_world = concat_all_gather(image_feat)
                text_feat_world = concat_all_gather(text_feat)

                sim_i2t = image_feat @ text_feat_world.t() / self.temp
                sim_t2i = text_feat @ image_feat_world.t() / self.temp

                weights_i2t = F.softmax(sim_i2t, dim=1)
                weights_i2t.masked_fill_(mask, 0)

                weights_t2i = F.softmax(sim_t2i, dim=1)
                weights_t2i.masked_fill_(mask, 0)

            image_embeds_world = all_gather_with_grad(image_embeds)

            # select a negative image (from all ranks) for each text
            image_embeds_neg = []
            for b in range(bs):
                neg_idx = torch.multinomial(weights_t2i[b], 1).item()
                image_embeds_neg.append(image_embeds_world[neg_idx])
            image_embeds_neg = torch.stack(image_embeds_neg, dim=0)

            # select a negative text (from all ranks) for each image
            input_ids_world = concat_all_gather(encoder_input_ids)
            att_mask_world = concat_all_gather(text.attention_mask)

            text_ids_neg = []
            text_atts_neg = []
            for b in range(bs):
                neg_idx = torch.multinomial(weights_i2t[b], 1).item()
                text_ids_neg.append(input_ids_world[neg_idx])
                text_atts_neg.append(att_mask_world[neg_idx])

        else:
            with torch.no_grad():
                mask = torch.eq(idx, idx.t())

                sim_i2t = image_feat @ text_feat.t() / self.temp
                sim_t2i = text_feat @ image_feat.t() / self.temp

                weights_i2t = F.softmax(sim_i2t, dim=1)
                weights_i2t.masked_fill_(mask, 0)

                weights_t2i = F.softmax(sim_t2i, dim=1)
                weights_t2i.masked_fill_(mask, 0)

            # select a negative image (from same rank) for each text
            image_embeds_neg = []
            for b in range(bs):
                neg_idx = torch.multinomial(weights_t2i[b], 1).item()
                image_embeds_neg.append(image_embeds[neg_idx])
            image_embeds_neg = torch.stack(image_embeds_neg, dim=0)

            # select a negative text (from same rank) for each image
            text_ids_neg = []
            text_atts_neg = []
            for b in range(bs):
                neg_idx = torch.multinomial(weights_i2t[b], 1).item()
                text_ids_neg.append(encoder_input_ids[neg_idx])
                text_atts_neg.append(text.attention_mask[neg_idx])

        text_ids_neg = torch.stack(text_ids_neg, dim=0)
        text_atts_neg = torch.stack(text_atts_neg, dim=0)

        text_ids_all = torch.cat([encoder_input_ids, text_ids_neg], dim=0)
        text_atts_all = torch.cat([text.attention_mask, text_atts_neg], dim=0)

        image_embeds_all = torch.cat([image_embeds_neg, image_embeds], dim=0)
        image_atts_all = torch.cat([image_atts, image_atts], dim=0)

        output_neg = self.text_encoder(
            text_ids_all,
            attention_mask=text_atts_all,
            encoder_hidden_states=image_embeds_all,
            encoder_attention_mask=image_atts_all,
            return_dict=True,
        )

        vl_embeddings = torch.cat(
            [
                output_pos.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :],
                output_neg.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :],
            ],
            dim=0,
        )
        vl_output = self.itm_head(vl_embeddings)

        itm_labels = torch.cat(
            [torch.ones(bs, dtype=torch.long), torch.zeros(2 * bs, dtype=torch.long)],
            dim=0,
        ).to(image.device)
        loss_itm = F.cross_entropy(vl_output, itm_labels)

        return loss_ita, loss_itm

    @torch.no_grad()
    def copy_params(self):
        for model_pair in self.model_pairs:
            for param, param_m in zip(
                model_pair[0].parameters(), model_pair[1].parameters()
            ):
                param_m.data.copy_(param.data)  # initialize
                param_m.requires_grad = False  # not update by gradient

    @torch.no_grad()
    def _momentum_update(self):
        for model_pair in self.model_pairs:
            for param, param_m in zip(
                model_pair[0].parameters(), model_pair[1].parameters()
            ):
                param_m.data = param_m.data * self.momentum + param.data * (
                    1.0 - self.momentum
                )

    @torch.no_grad()
    def _dequeue_and_enqueue(self, image_feat, text_feat, idxs):
        # gather keys before updating queue
        image_feats = concat_all_gather(image_feat)
        text_feats = concat_all_gather(text_feat)

        batch_size = image_feats.shape[0]

        ptr = int(self.ptr_queue)
        assert self.queue_size % batch_size == 0  # for simplicity

        # replace the keys at ptr (dequeue and enqueue)
        self.image_queue[:, ptr : ptr + batch_size] = image_feats.T
        self.text_queue[:, ptr : ptr + batch_size] = text_feats.T
        self.idx_queue[:, ptr : ptr + batch_size] = idxs.T
        ptr = (ptr + batch_size) % self.queue_size  # move pointer

        self.ptr_queue[0] = ptr


def blip_retrieval(pretrained="", **kwargs):
    model = BLIP_Retrieval(**kwargs)
    if pretrained:
        model, msg = load_checkpoint(model, pretrained)
        print("missing keys:")
        print(msg.missing_keys)
    return model


@torch.no_grad()
def concat_all_gather(tensor):
    """
    Performs all_gather operation on the provided tensors.
    *** Warning ***: torch.distributed.all_gather has no gradient.
    """
    tensors_gather = [
        torch.ones_like(tensor) for _ in range(torch.distributed.get_world_size())
    ]
    torch.distributed.all_gather(tensors_gather, tensor, async_op=False)

    output = torch.cat(tensors_gather, dim=0)
    return output


class GatherLayer(torch.autograd.Function):
    """
    Gather tensors from all workers with support for backward propagation:
    This implementation does not cut the gradients as torch.distributed.all_gather does.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def forward(ctx, x):
        output = [
            torch.zeros_like(x) for _ in range(torch.distributed.get_world_size())
        ]
        torch.distributed.all_gather(output, x)
        return tuple(output)

    @staticmethod
    def backward(ctx, *grads):
        all_gradients = torch.stack(grads)
        torch.distributed.all_reduce(all_gradients)
        return all_gradients[torch.distributed.get_rank()]


def all_gather_with_grad(tensors):
    """
    Performs all_gather operation on the provided tensors.
    Graph remains connected for backward grad computation.
    """
    # Queue the gathered tensors
    world_size = torch.distributed.get_world_size()
    # There is no need for reduction in the single-proc case
    if world_size == 1:
        return tensors

    tensor_all = GatherLayer.apply(tensors)

    return torch.cat(tensor_all, dim=0)
